https://getpocket.com/explore/item/how-to-solve-the-hardest-logic-puzzle-ever

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/do-you-make-these-thinking-errors

self-referential

Kurt Gödel discovered a contradiction with the American constitution (Article V)

Critical Thinking

“Let’s say that the consensus is that our species, being the higher primates, Homo Sapiens, has been on the planet for at least 100,000 years, maybe more. Francis Collins says maybe 100,000. Richard Dawkins thinks maybe a quarter-of-a-million. I’II take 100,000.

In order to be a Christian, you have to believe that for 98,000 years, our species suffered and died, most of its children dying in childbirth, most other people having a life expectancy of about 25 years, dying of their teeth. Famine, struggle, bitterness, war, suffering, misery, all of that for 98,000 years. Heaven watches this with complete indifference. And then 2000 years ago, thinks “That’s enough of that. It’s time to intervene,” and the best way to do this would be by condemning someone to a human sacrifice somewhere in the less literate parts of the Middle East. Don’t lets appeal to the Chinese, for example, where people can read and study evidence and have a civilization. Let’s go to the desert and have another revelation there.

This is nonsense. It can’t be believed by a thinking person.” Christopher Hitchens

Fallacies

strawman

Nirvana fallacy Perfect solution fallacy Don’t let perfect be the enemy of good

Bias

status quo bias

Reasoning

  • Deduction is considered top-down logic.
  • Deduction is the only type of reasoning that will guarantee its conclusion in all cases.
  • Induction is considered particular to general logic.
  • Abduction is reasoning from effects to possible causes.

Reductio ad absurdum (Latin for “reduction to absurdity”)

Model Theory

Proof Theory